Half of UW:
- Paget’s Disease increases in osteoclastic bone resorption. The end product is pattern of lamellar bone with irregular sections linked by cement lines.
- Hydatiform mole have 2 types:
- Complete (46 XX) = all chromosomes are from paternal origin, no fetal structure, large edemtaous and disordered chorionic villi. Looks like a bunch of grapes. The sperm replicates chromosome while eliminating maternal chromosome.
- Partial (69 XXY), (69 XXX) = formation of fetal structure grossly. Fertilization of ovum by 2 or more sperm.
- HCV is genetically unstable because it lacks proofreading 3′->5′ exonuclease activity in its RNA polymerase. It makes many errors during replication. Its envelope glycoprotein contains hypervariable region prone to mutation. An infected individual may present with several dozen subspecies.
- In paroxysmal SVT, Valsalva manuever or carotid sinus massage is performed. Rectus abdominis muscle of AAW is most important muscle in achieving intraabdomina/intrathoracic pressure of Valsalva maneuver.
- In calculating FF = GFR x RPF. GFR can be measured using creatinine or inulin clearance. RPF is estimated with PAH clearance.
